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in Hindu philosophy

  • 1 ahankara (In the dualist and evolutionist Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy, the second stage of development of the the original stuff of material nature, which evolves into the manifest world)

    Религия: аханкара

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ahankara (In the dualist and evolutionist Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy, the second stage of development of the the original stuff of material nature, which evolves into the manifest world)

  • 2 atman (One of the most basic concepts in Hindu philosophy, describing that eternal core of the personality that survives after death and that transmigrates to a new life or is released from the bonds of existence)

    Религия: атман

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > atman (One of the most basic concepts in Hindu philosophy, describing that eternal core of the personality that survives after death and that transmigrates to a new life or is released from the bonds of existence)

  • 3 bhedabheda (An important branch of Vedanta, an orthodox system of Hindu philosophy)

    Религия: бхедабхеда

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > bhedabheda (An important branch of Vedanta, an orthodox system of Hindu philosophy)

  • 4 jnana (In Hindu philosophy, knowledge that is a total experience of its object, particularly the supreme being or reality)

    Религия: джняна

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > jnana (In Hindu philosophy, knowledge that is a total experience of its object, particularly the supreme being or reality)

  • 5 nirguna (In the orthodox Hindu philosophy of Vedanta, Brahman characterized as without qualities)

    Религия: ниргуна

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > nirguna (In the orthodox Hindu philosophy of Vedanta, Brahman characterized as without qualities)

  • 6 saguna (In the orthodox Hindu philosophy of Vedanta, a qualified Brahman, or Brahman characterized as possessing qualities)

    Религия: сагуна

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > saguna (In the orthodox Hindu philosophy of Vedanta, a qualified Brahman, or Brahman characterized as possessing qualities)

  • 7 tat tvam asi (Sanskrit for thou art that, in Hindu philosophy, the famous expression of the relationship between the individual and the absolute)

    Религия: тат твам аси

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > tat tvam asi (Sanskrit for thou art that, in Hindu philosophy, the famous expression of the relationship between the individual and the absolute)

  • 8 upamana (The fourth of the five means of knowledge in Hindu philosophy by which man can have valid cognitions of the world)

    Религия: упамана

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > upamana (The fourth of the five means of knowledge in Hindu philosophy by which man can have valid cognitions of the world)

  • 9 samadhi (In Hindu and Buddhist religion and philosophy, the highest state of mental concentration that a person can achieve)

    Религия: самадхи

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > samadhi (In Hindu and Buddhist religion and philosophy, the highest state of mental concentration that a person can achieve)

  • 10 वेदः _vēdḥ

    वेदः [विद्-अच् घञ् वा]
    1 Knowledge.
    -2 Sacred know- ledge, holy learning, the scripture of the Hindus. (Originally there were only three Vedas:- ऋग्वेद, यजुर्वेद and सामवेद, which are collectively called त्रयी 'the sacred triad'; but a fourth, the अथर्ववेद, was subsequently added to them. Each of the Vedas had two dis- tinct parts, the Mantra or Samhitā and Brāh- maṇa. According to the strict orthodox faith of the Hindus the Vedas are a-pauruṣeya, 'not human compo- sitions', being supposed to have been directly revea- led by the Supreme Being, Brahman, and are called Śruti' i. e. 'what is heard or revealed', as distingui- shed from 'Smṛiti', i. e. 'what is remembered or is the work of human origin'; see श्रुति, स्मृति also; and the several sages, to whom the hymns of the Vedas are ascribed, are, therefore, called द्रष्टारः 'seers', and not कर्तारः or सृष्टारः 'composers'.)
    -3 A bundle of Kuśa grass; पद्माक्षमालामुत जन्तुमार्जनं वेदं च साक्षात्तप एव रूपिणौ Bhāg. 12.8.34; Ms.4.36.
    -4 N. of Viṣṇu.
    -5 A part of a sacrifice (यज्ञांग).
    -6 Exposition, comment, gloss.
    -7 A metre.
    -8 Acquisition, gain, wealth (Ved).
    -9 N. of the number 'four'.
    -1 The ritual (वेदयतीति वेदो विधिः); Karma-kāṇda; वेदवादस्य विज्ञानं सत्याभासमिवानृतम् Mb.12.1. 2 (see Nīlakaṇtha's commentary).
    -11 Smṛiti literature; आम्नायेभ्यः पुनर्वेदाः प्रसृताः सर्वतोमुखाः Mb.12.26.9.
    -Comp. -अग्रणीः N. of Sarasvatī.
    -अङ्गम् 'a member of the Veda', N. of certain classes of works regarded as auxiliary to the Vedas and designed to aid in the correct pronun- ciation and interpretation of the text and the right employment of the Mantras in ceremonials; (the Ved- āṅgas are six in number:-- शिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणं निरुक्तं छन्दसां चयः । ज्योतिषामयनं चैव वेदाङ्गानि ष़डेव तु ॥; i. e. 1 शिक्षा 'the science of proper articulation and pronunciation'; 2 छन्दस् 'the science of prosody'; 3 व्याकरण 'grammar'; 4 निरुक्त 'etymological explanation of difficult Vedic words'; 5 ज्योतिष 'astronomy'; and 6 कल्प 'ritual or ceremonical'). A peculiar use of the word 'वेदाङ्ग' in masculine gender may here be noted; वेदांश्चैव तु वेदाङ्गान् वेदान्तानि तथा स्मृतीः । अधीत्य ब्राह्मणः पूर्वं शक्तितो$न्यांश्च संपठेत् ॥ Bṛihadyogiyājña- valkya-Smṛti 12.34.
    -अधिगमः, -अध्ययनम् holy study, study of the Vedas; काम्यो हि वेदाधिगमः कर्मयोगश्च वैदिकः Ms.2.2.
    -अधिपः 1 one who presides over the Veda; ऋग्वेदाधिपतर्जीवो यजुर्वेदाधिपो भृगुः । सामवेदाधिपो भौमः शशिजो$- थर्ववेदपः ॥
    -2 N. of Viṣṇu.
    -अध्यापकः a teacher of the Vedas, a holy preceptor.
    -अनध्ययनम् Remissness in the Vedic study; Ms.3.63.
    -अन्तः 1 'the end of the Veda', an Upaniṣad (which comes at the end of the Veda). Also
    -अन्तम् (See quotation from बृहद्योगियाज्ञ- वल्क्यस्मृति under
    -अङ्ग above).
    -2 the last of the six principal Darśanas or systems of Hindu philosophy; (so called because it teaches the ultimate aim and scope of the Veda, or because it is based on the Upaniṣads which come at the end of the Veda); (this system of philosophy is sometimes called उत्तरमीमांसा being regarded as a sequel to Jaimini's पूर्वमीमांसा, but it is practically quite a distinct system; see मीमांसा. It represents the popular pantheistic creed of the Hindus, regarding, as it does, the whole world as synthetically derived from one eternal principle, the Brahman or Supreme Spirit; see ब्रह्मन् also). ˚गः, ˚ज्ञः a follower of the Vedanta philosophy.
    -अन्तिन् m. a follower of the Vedanta philosophy.
    -अभ्यासः 1 the study of the Vedas; वेदाभ्यासो हि विप्रस्य तपः परमिहोच्यते Ms.2.166.
    -2 the repetition of the sacred syllable Om.
    -अर्थः the meaning of the Vedas.
    -अवतारः reve- lation of the Vedas.
    -अश्र a. quadrangular.
    -आदि n.,
    -आदिवर्णः, -आदिवीजम् the sacred syllable. Om.
    -उक्त a. scriptural, taught in the Vedas.
    -उदयः N. of the sun (the Sāma Veda being said to have proceeded from him).
    -उदित a. scriptural, ordained by the Vedas; वेदोदितं स्वकं कर्म नित्यं कुर्यादतन्द्रितः Ms. 4.14.
    -कार the composer of the Veda.
    -कौलेयकः an epithet of Śiva.
    -गर्भः 1 an epithet of Brahman; कमण्डलुं वेदगर्भः कुशान् सप्तर्षयो ददुः Bhāg.8.18.16.
    -2 a Brāhmaṇa versed in the Vedas.
    -3 N. of Viṣṇu.
    -ज्ञः a Brāhmaṇa versed in the Vedas; तथा दहति वेदज्ञः कर्मजं दोषमात्मनः Ms.12.11.
    -त्रयम्, -त्रयी the three Vedas collectively.
    -दर्शिन् a. one who discerns the sense of the Veda; तपोमध्यं बुधैः प्रोक्तं तपो$न्तं वेददर्शिभिः Ms.11.234.
    -दृष्ट a. sanctioned by the Vedas.
    -निन्दकः 1 an atheist, a heretic, an unbeliever (one who rejects the divine origin and character of the Vedas).
    -2 a Jaina or Buddhist.
    -निन्दा unbelief, heresy; Ms.11.56.
    -पारगः a Brāhmaṇa skilled in the Vedas.
    -पुण्यम् a merit acqui- red by the study of the Veda. वेदपुण्येन युज्यते Ms.2.78.
    -बाह्य a. contrary to the Veda. (
    -ह्यः) a sceptic.
    -मातृ f.
    1 N. of a very sacred Vedic verse called Gāyatree q. v.
    -2 N. of सरस्वती, सावित्री and गायत्री; सूतश्च मातरिश्वा वै कवचं वंदमातरः Mb.5.179.4.
    -भूतिः (embodiment of the Veda) an honourable title before the names of learned Brāhmaṇas.
    -वचनम्, -वाक्यम् a Vedic text.
    -वदनम् grammar.
    -वादः see वेदः (1); तदुक्तं वेदवादेषु गहनं वेददर्शिभिः Mb.12.238.11 (com.); Vedic discus- sion; यामिमां पुष्पितां वाचं प्रवदन्त्यविपश्चितः । वेदवादरताः Bg. 2.42.
    -वासः a Brāhmaṇa.
    -वाह्य a. contrary to, or not founded on, the Veda.
    -विद् m.
    1 a Brāhmaṇa versed in the Vedas.
    -2 N. of Viṣṇu.
    -वद्वस् a. conversant with the Vedas; ब्राह्मणान् वेदविदुषो यज्ञार्थं चैव दक्षिणाम् Ms. 11.4.
    -विहित a. enjoined by the Vedas.
    -व्यासः an epithet of Vyāsa who is regarded as the 'arranger' of the Vedas in their present form; see व्यास.
    -शास्त्रम् the doctrine of the Vedas; Ms.4.26.
    -श्रुतिः Vedic revelation.
    -संन्यासः givig up the ritual of the Vedas.
    -संमत, -संमित a. sanctioned by the Vedas.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > वेदः _vēdḥ

  • 11 न्यायः _nyāyḥ

    न्यायः [नियन्ति अनेन; नि-इ घञ्]
    1 Method, manner, way, rule, system, plan; अधार्मिकं त्रिभिर्न्यायैर्निगृह्णीयात् प्रयत्नतः Ms.8.31; अनुक्ते हि न्याये न प्रतीमो$र्थान्तरम् ŚB. on MS.6. 2.5; तस्मान्नावस्थितो न्यायः प्रत्युद्ध्रियेत ŚB. on MS.6.2.1. ननु लिङ्गमसाधकं, न्याय उच्यतां यस्यैतद् द्योतकमिति ŚB. on MS.6. 2.3.
    -2 Fitness, propriety, decorum; न्यायाधारा हि साधवः Ki.11.3.
    -3 Law, justice, virtue, equity, righteousness, honesty; यान्ति न्यायप्रवृत्तस्य तिर्यञ्चो$पि सहायताम् A. R.1.4.
    -4 A law-suit, legal proceeding.
    -5 Judicial sentence, judgment.
    -6 Policy, good government.
    -7 Likeness, analogy.
    -8 A popular maxim, an apposite illustration, illustration, as दण्डापूपन्याय, काकतालीयन्याय, घुणाक्षरन्याय &c.; see Appendix.
    -9 A Vedic accent; न्यायैस्त्रिभिरुदीर्णम् Ku.2.12. (Malli. takes न्याय to mean स्वर; but it is quite open, in our opinion, to take न्याय in the sense of 'a system' or 'way'; 'which are manifested in three systems, i. e. ऋक्, यजुस् and सामन्'); न्यायगर्भद्विजाः Bh.3. 55.
    -1 (In gram.) A universal rule.
    -11 A system of Hindu philosophy founded by the sage Gautama.
    -12 The science of logic, logical philosophy.
    -13 A com- plete argument or syllogism (consisting of five mem- bers; i. e. प्रतिज्ञा, हेतु, उदाहरण, उपनय and निगमन).
    -14 An epithet of Viṣṇu. (न्यायेन ind. in the way of, after the manner or analogy of; बधिरान्मन्दकर्णः श्रेयानिति न्यायेन &c.).
    -Comp. -आगत a. rightly got, acquired (money).
    -आचार a. virtuous.
    -आधारः an example of virtue or propriety,
    -आभासः semblance of reason, sophism.
    -उपेत rightly admitted.
    -निर्वपण a. bestowing justly.
    -णः N. of Śiva; Mb.13.17.126 (com. न्याययुक्तं निर्वपणं दानं यस्य).
    -पथः the Mīmāṁsā philosophy; (pl.) the different philosophical systems; Bhāg.
    -वर्तिन् a. well behaved, acting justly.
    -वादिन् a. one who speaks what is right or just.
    -विद्या, -शिक्षा; see न्यायशास्त्र.
    -वृत्तम् good conduct, virtue.
    -शास्त्रम् 1 the philosophi- cal system of the Nyāya school.
    -2 the science of logic.
    -संबद्ध a. rational, logical.
    -सारिणी proper or suit- able behaviour.
    -सूत्रम् the aphorisms of Nyāya philo- sophy by Gautama.
    *****[Note: A few of the common Nyāyas or popular maxims that were given under this word by Prin. Apte are taken in the Appendix along with many others.]

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > न्यायः _nyāyḥ

  • 12 सांख्य _sāṅkhya

    सांख्य a. [संख्यया निर्वृत्तम् अण्]
    1 Relating to number.
    -2 Calculating, enumerating.
    -3 Discriminative.
    -4 Deliberating, reasoning, a reasoner; त्वं गतिः सर्वसांख्यानां योगिनां त्वं परायणम् Mb.
    -ख्यः, -ख्यम् N. of one of the six systems of Hindu philosophy, attributed to the sage Kapila; (this philosophy is so called because it 'enu- merates' twentyfive Tattvas or true principles; and its chief object is to effect the final emancipation of the twenty-fifth Tattva, i.e. the Puruṣa or soul, from the bonds of this worldly existence-- the fetters of pheno- menal creation -- by conveying a correct knowledge of the twenty-four other Tattvas and by properly discri- minating the Soul from them. It regards the whole universe as a development of an inanimate principle called Prakṛiti q. v, while the Puruṣa is altogether passive and simply a looker-on. It agrees with the Vedānta in being synthetical and so differs from the analytical Nyāya or Vaiśeṣika; but its great point of divergence from the Vedānta is that it maintains two principles which the Vedānta denies, and that it does not admit God as the creator and controller of the universe, which the Vedānta affirms); सांख्यमिव कपिला- धिष्ठितम् K.
    -रूयः 1 A follower of the Sāṁkhya philosophy; ज्ञानयोगेन सांख्यानां कर्मयोगेण योगिनाम् Bg.3.3; 5.5.
    -2 An epithet of Śiva.
    -Comp. -कारिका N. of a collection of 72 verses by Īśvara-Kriṣṇa.
    -प्रसादः, -मुख्यः epithets of Śiva.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > सांख्य _sāṅkhya

  • 13 वैशेषिक _vaiśēṣika

    वैशेषिक a. (
    -की f.)
    1 Characteristic, special; विषये वर्तमानानां यं तं वैशेषिकैर्गुणैः (प्राहुर्विषयगोप्तारम्) Mb.12.47.7; 7.5.15.
    -2 Belonging to the Vaiśeṣika doctrine.
    -कः A follower of the Vaiśeṣika doctrine.
    -कम् [विशेषं पदार्थ- भेदमधिकृत्य कृतो ग्रन्थः ठञ्] One of the six principal Darśanas or systems of Hindu philosophy founded by Kaṇāda; it differs from the Nyāya philosophy of Gautama in that it recognizes only seven instead of sixteen categories or heads of predicables (the earlier writers e. g. Kaṇāda recognizing only six), and lays particular stress upon Viśeṣa.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > वैशेषिक _vaiśēṣika

  • 14 वेदान्त


    vedấnta
    vedâ̱nta

    m. end of the Veda (= « complete knowledge of the Veda» cf. vedâ̱nta-ga) TĀr. MBh. ;

    N. of the second andﾠ most important part of the Mīmāṇsā orﾠ third of the three great divisions of Hindū philosophy (called Vedânta either as teaching the ultimate scope of the Veda orﾠ simply as explained in the Upanishads which come at the end of the Veda;
    this system, although belonging to the Mīmāṇsā
    <q.v.> andﾠ sometimes called Uttara-mīmāṇsā,
    « examination of the later portion orﾠ jñāna-kāṇḍa
    <q.v.> of the Veda», is really the one sole orthodox exponent of the pantheistic creed of the Hindūs of the present day - a creed which underlies all the polytheism andﾠ multiform mythology of the people;
    its chief doctrine < as expounded by Ṡaṃkara> is that of Advaita
    i.e. that nothing really exists but the One Self orﾠ Soul of the Universe called Brahman <neut.> orﾠ Paramâtman,
    andﾠ that the Jīvâtman orﾠ individual human soul andﾠ indeed all the phenomena of nature are really identical with the Paramâtman, andﾠ that their existence is only the result of Ajñāna < otherwise called Avidyā>
    orﾠ an assumed ignorance on the part of that one universal Soul which is described as both Creator andﾠ Creation;
    Actor andﾠ Act;
    Existence, Knowledge andﾠ Joy, andﾠ as devoid of the three qualities < seeﾠ guṇa>;
    the liberation of the human soul, its deliverance from transmigrations, andﾠ re-union with the Paramâtman, with which it is really identified, is only to be effected by a removal of that ignorance through a proper understanding of the Vedânta;
    this system is alsoﾠ called Brahma-mīmāṇsā andﾠ Ṡārīrakamīmāṇsā, « inquiring into Spirit. orﾠ embodied Spirit. » ;
    the founder of the school is said to have been Vyāsa, alsoﾠ called Bādarāyaṇa, andﾠ its most eminent teacher was Ṡaṃkarâcārya) Up. MBh. etc.;
    (ās) m. pl. the Upanishads orﾠ works on the Vedânta philosophy Kull. on Mn. VI, 83.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > वेदान्त

  • 15 सांख्य


    sāṉkhya
    mfn. (fr. saṉ-khyā) numeral, relating to number W. ;

    relating to number (in gram as expressed by the case-terminations etc.) Pat. ;
    rational, orﾠ discriminative W. ;
    m. one who calculates orﾠ discriminates well, (esp.) an adherent of the Sāṃkhya doctrine CūlUp. MBh. etc.. ;
    N. of a man Car. ;
    patr. of the Vedic Ṛishi Atri. Anukr. ;
    N. of Ṡiva MBh. ;
    n. (accord. toﾠ some alsoﾠ m.)
    N. of one of the three great divisions of Hindū philosophy (ascribed to the sage Kapila <q.v.>, andﾠ so called either from, discriminating,
    in general, orﾠ, more probably, from « reckoning up» orﾠ « enumerating» twenty-five Tattvas. < seeﾠ tattva> orﾠ true entities <twenty-three of which are evolved out of Prakṛiti « the primordial Essence» orﾠ « first-Producer»,
    viz. Buddhi, Ahaṃkāra, the five Tan-mātras, the five Mahā-bhūtas andﾠ Manas;
    the twenty-fifth being Purusha orﾠ Spirit. < sometimes called Soul> which is neither a Producer nor Production
    < seeﾠ vikāra>, but wholly distinct from the twenty-four other Tattvas. andﾠ is multitudinous, each separate Purusha by its union with Prakṛiti causing a separate creation out of Prakṛiti,
    the object of the philosophy being to effect the final liberation of the Purusha orﾠ Spirit. from the fetters caused by that creation;
    the Yoga <q.v.> branch of the Saqikhya recognizes a Supreme Spirit. dominating each separate Purusha;
    the Tantras. identify Prakṛiti with the wives of the gods, esp. with the wife of Ṡiva;
    the oldest systematic exposition of the Sāṃkhya seems to have been by an author called Pañca-ṡikha <the germ, however, being found in the Shashṭi-tantra, of which only scanty fragments are extant>;
    the original Sūtras were superseded by the Sāṃkhya-kārikā of Īṡvara-kṛishṇa,
    the oldest manual on the Sāṃkhya system that has come down to us andﾠ probably written in the 5th century A.D.,
    while the Sāṃkhya-sūtras orﾠ S3iva-pravacana andﾠ Tattva-samāsa, ascribed to the sage Kapila, are now thought to belong to as late a date as the 14th orﾠ 15th century orﾠ perhaps a little later) ṠvetUp. MBh. etc.. IW. 73 etc.. RTL. ;
    - सांख्यकारिका
    - सांख्यकौमुदी
    - सांख्यक्रमदीपिका
    - सांख्यचन्द्रिका
    - सांख्यज्ञान
    - सांख्यतत्त्वकौमुदी
    - सांख्यतत्त्वचन्द्र्का
    - सांख्यतत्त्वप्रदीप
    - सांख्यतत्त्वप्रदीपिका
    - सांख्यतत्त्वविलास
    - सांख्यतरंग
    - सांख्यदर्शन
    - सांख्यपदार्थगाथा
    - सांख्यपुरुष
    - सांख्यप्रवचन
    - सांख्यभिक्षु
    - सांख्यमत
    - सांख्यमय
    - सांख्यमीमांसा
    - सांख्यमुख्य
    - सांख्ययोग
    - सांख्यवृत्ति
    - सांख्यसास्त्र
    - सांख्यसप्तति
    - सांख्यसार
    - सांख्यसारविवेक
    - सांख्यसूत्र
    - सांख्यवृत्तिसार

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > सांख्य

  • 16 atman

    ['ætmən]
    1) Общая лексика: всеобщее "я" (Atman), душа, жизненное начало, мировая душа
    2) Религия: (One of the most basic concepts in Hindu philosophy, describing that eternal core of the personality that survives after death and that transmigrates to a new life or is released from the bonds of existence) атман
    3) Психология: атман

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > atman

  • 17 аханкара

    Religion: ahankara (In the dualist and evolutionist Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy, the second stage of development of the the original stuff of material nature, which evolves into the manifest world)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > аханкара

  • 18 бхедабхеда

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > бхедабхеда

  • 19 джняна

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > джняна

  • 20 ниргуна

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > ниргуна

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